(-)-Tramadol Hydrochloride

(-)-Tramadol Hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the (S,S)-enantiomer of the racemic opioid analgesic tramadol. It acts as an opioid analgesic, adrenergic uptake inhibitor, serotonergic antagonist, muscarinic antagonist, serotonin uptake inhibitor, antitussive, mu-opioid receptor agonist, kappa-opioid receptor agonist, NMDA receptor antagonist, delta-opioid receptor agonist, and capsaicin receptor antagonist.